2200年前 历来首位皇帝秦始皇 2,200 years ago, the first emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi,
有史以来第一次 征服全部六个中华王国 conquered all six Chinese kingdoms for the first time in history
建立中国 to create China.
为了保护他的帝国 他建造第一座长城 To protect his empire, he built the first Great Wall
并下令建造古往今来最壮观的陵墓 and gave orders for the most spectacular tomb the world has ever seen
以在他死后安置他的灵魂 to be constructed for his afterlife.
然而 在他死后 秦朝在混乱与内战中崩溃 But after his death, the Qin dynasty would collapse in chaos and civil war,
他的宏伟陵墓的所在地 也就消失于历史之中 and the site of his epic tomb disappeared from history.
我记得那是比较热的季节 I remember it was hot season at that time.
1974年
中国 陕西省
农民在挖井时发现一些不明东西 Some farmers found something unknown while digging a well.
当时他们就找我到西安来考察 So they asked me to go to Xi'an to take a look.
今天成果如何 千万别遗漏任何东西 How are things progressing? Don't miss anything.
我第一次见到它时非常激动 When I first saw it, I felt so excited.
现在看起来 那只是冰山一角 And it was just the tip of the iceberg.
奈飞公司制作的纪录片
这支庞大的陶土大军 A vast pottery army,
被埋藏在陵墓里两千多年后 慢慢被发掘出来 slowly being unearthed from the tomb where it's lain for more than 2,000 years.
这令人惊奇 该陵墓占地49.2平方公里 It is amazing, the tomb that is 19 square miles,
里面放有几千座这种兵马俑 and inside, there's thousands of pieces of these terracotta warriors.
这些雕像各不相同 共有约8000座 The figures, each different, and numbering around 8,000,
全都是在这个国家 首位皇帝的葬身之地被发掘出土 uncovered on the burial site of the country's first emperor.
这现在被称为世界第八大奇迹 They called it the Eighth Wonder of the World.
兵马俑揭秘
我记得小时候第一次前往发掘现场 I remember, when I went to the excavation site as a kid,
面对面看着那8000座兵俑 looking face to face at the 8,000 warriors.
许明德 博士 秦史学家
全都五官分明 All with distinct features.
此事本身就已经令人叹为观止 That itself is already awe-inspiring.
8000座兵俑 被埋葬在建立中国的人旁边 Eight thousand warriors buried next to the man who created China.
那无疑是古往今来最重要的考古发现 That has to be the most important archaeological discovery of all time.
但真正令人惊奇的 But the truly amazing thing
是那8000座兵俑在守护更重要的东西 is that the 8,000 warriors is guarding something much more important.
始皇帝的陵墓 The first emperor's mausoleum.
这是个人坟墓建筑群 This is a personal burial complex.
60平方公里 那相当于曼哈顿的大小 Sixty square kilometers, which is the equivalent to the size of Manhattan.
这一切皆为一个人而建造 想到这一点 实在令人惊讶 It is astonishing to think that this is all built for one man.
秦始皇死后 After the first emperor of Qin died,
被埋葬在墓址中央 巨大土堆下方的坟墓里 he was buried in a tomb beneath the huge mound at the heart of the site.
自从于50年前意外发现那些兵俑以来 Since the surprise discovery of the warriors 50 years ago,
考古学家已把无数发现挖掘出土 archaeologists have unearthed countless discoveries.
但墓地规模之庞大 But the enormity of the site
意味着他们远远未能 把一切全部发掘出来 means that they're not even close to uncovering it all.
皇帝的陵园是模仿秦朝都城的建筑 The emperor's mausoleum was a replica of the Qin capital city...
土堆周围有另外两层巨大的城墙 with two huge walls around the mound
还有覆盖数千万平方米的建筑物基础 and buildings covering tens of millions of square meters.
埋在这地方的东西太多了 There are so many things buried underground.
所有的发现都如此精彩 Everything we find is so brilliant,
如此写实 and so vivid.
这些发现绝对是独一无二 The discovery is unique.
我们找到能侍奉他的陶土仆人 We have terracotta servants who could serve him.
我们找到能娱乐他的陶土杂技演员 We have terracotta acrobats that could entertain him.
陶土双轮马车、马匹 Terracotta chariots, horses.
这一切加起来 组成一个陶土世界 What it all adds up to is a world of terracotta
一个为让皇帝永恒掌权而建造的世界 built for the emperor for him to rule over for eternity.
但一个有能力 创造如此非凡之物的王朝 But how could a dynasty capable of creating something so extraordinary
何以如此迅速衰亡 fall so quickly?
对考古学家而言 For archaeologists,
第一条线索是宝藏被发现时的状况 the first clue is the condition in which the treasures were found.
李秀珍 博士 资深考古学家
我想人们会觉得 I think people feel like,
当我们挖掘时 所有这些兵马俑就站立在那里 when we excavated, all these terracotta warriors were standing there.
但事实并非如此 But it was not the case.
这些兵马俑全都被打破成碎片 All these terracotta warriors were broken into pieces.
无一幸免 No one survived.
在这个已经跻身 世界最大之列的考古遗址上 Janice is part of a new army of archaeologists,
有一支由考古学家 forensic scientists,
监识科学家 and restorers
与修复师组成的新大军 而秀珍正是其中一员 at what has become one of the largest archaeological sites in the world.
他们团结一致 试图厘清一众兵俑确切经历过何事 They are united in trying to discover exactly what happened to the warriors.
手露出来了 [man, in Mandarin] The hand's exposed.
头部应该在这里 你看这也已经露出来了 The head should be here.
做这部分时你要注意 But be careful when you work on this part.
表面褶皱比较多…这样往往能保留一些色彩 The surface has a lot of folds so we may be able to preserve some color.
朱思宏 挖掘队队长
这部分实在引人入胜 That's the fascinating part,
因为你能看到兵俑们真的各有个性 because you can tell they really have different personalities.
这个可以 This is good.
每一张脸 So every face,
都让你认识到新一个秦朝人物 you meet a new person from the Qin dynasty.
它是在微笑吧 He's smiling.
在修复组那边 In the restoration unit,
皇帝军队里的真人大小兵俑 the emperor's army is being pieced together
正被逐一拼凑起来 one life-sized warrior at a time.
七、八、九、十、十一 Seven, eight, nine, ten, 11.
兰德省 修复组组长
大的残断面有36块 We have 36 big pieces.
如果把盔甲、甲钉这些小残片算进去 And if we include bits of armor and the nails for it,
一座兵马俑总共有接近400块 that's nearly 400 pieces for one warrior.
残片很多 That's a lot of pieces.
我时常想 我就是文物医生 I often think I'm a relic doctor,
陪伴它们 为它们治病 直到最后它们复活 accompanying them and treating them until they come back to life.
总体来说 这一件相对比较完整 Generally speaking, this warrior is relatively complete.
唯独缺少下方的踏板 Only his footboard is missing.
踏板清理完毕后 基本上我们就能开始修复这个残俑 When it comes out, we can start to restore him.
最终目标是让它站立起来 The ultimate goal is to stand him up
让它重回所在的部队 and get him back to his army.
重新组装一座雕像 A single statue can take up to three years
需时也许长达三年 to put back together.
我们知道兵俑被埋葬时都完好无损 We know the warriors were intact when they were buried.
但从那时到现在之间的某个时间点 它们每一个都被砸碎 But sometime between then and now, every single one of them was smashed.
这是其中一个向我们指示 秦朝灭亡原因的最大谜团 That's one of the biggest mysteries that points us to why the Qin dynasty fell.
那么到底发生了何事 So, what happened?
在兵俑被埋葬的坑里 In the pits where the warriors were buried,
考古学家正试图透过鉴识取证 the archaeologists are trying to find out
检查每块证据碎片 以寻找答案 by forensically examining every piece of evidence.
人们的臆测众多 There are a lot of theories.
盗墓贼、蓄意破坏、自然崩塌 Tomb robbers, vandalism, natural collapse.
但谁也无法确定 But no one knows for certain.
我们能确定的是曾有大事发生 What we know for sure is something big happened.
当你投入这项工作时 When you go deep into the work,
有时候会忘记了一切 sometimes you forget everything.
我们的眼睛在搜索 Our eyes are searching,
设法辨认这些 与我们以前所见过的有何不同 trying to distinguish the differences with others we've seen before.
这块有颜色的土壤是湿的 The soil looks wet. It's colored.
那是红烧土 That's red fired earth.
- 红烧土 - 嗯 - Fired earth? - Yes.
这是木炭 And wood charcoal.
嗯 Hm.
是火烧过的 It's been burnt.
只有火烧得很旺 而且时间很长 Only when the fires were very strong and burned for a very long time
才会产生红烧土 would the soil turn red.
破碎的陶片是由崩塌造成 The broken pieces were the result of a collapse.
但这是人为的破坏 But this was man-made destruction.
我们知道兵马俑曾被火烧 The terracotta warriors were burned in a fire.
是谁烧的 Who set the fire?
这就是问题所在 That is the question.
这不只是古老的世界奇迹 This is more than just an ancient wonder of the world.
从某种意义上说 这也是巨大的犯罪现场 It is also, in a sense, a giant crime scene.
在发现陵墓与兵俑之前 Until the discovery of the tomb and the warriors,
几乎所有关于秦朝的认知 almost everything known about the Qin dynasty
都来自一份历史记录 was taken from one historical record.
一份拥有两千年历史 并备受尊崇的文本 名为《史记》 A revered 2,000-year-old text known as the Shiji.
《史记》是首部主要中国历史 [man] Shiji is the first major history of China.
主要作者是司马迁 The main author is Sima Qian.
郭津嵩 博士 秦史学家
当中载有关于 始皇帝生与死的详细记录 It contains a detailed account of the first emperor's life and his death.
在他统治的第26年 In the 26th year of his rule,
始皇帝统一天下 the first emperor unified all under heaven.
《史记》讲述始皇帝的故事 他是秦国的武士 The Shiji tells the story of the first emperor, a warrior of Qin.
赵
燕
魏
齐
韩
秦
楚
这位皇帝征服六国 The emperor conquered six kingdoms
有史以来首度统一中国 把国土完全纳入其掌控之下 and unified China for the first time in history under his total control.
大秦王朝
他赋予这个国家“中国”的名号 He gave China its name.
中 国
但根据记录 But the record says
这个本来注定 that the mighty dynasty,
历经千秋万代的伟大王朝 destined for 10,000 generations,
却只持续了15年就崩溃消亡 lasted for only 15 years before it collapsed.
《史记》其中一个特别之处 在于其写作方式 One of the things that is special about the Shiji is the way it is written.
它结合历史和史诗式的戏剧性 It combines history and epic drama.
关于某些部分 我们倾向怀疑事情是否曾经发生 Some of it, we are a little bit more skeptical if it happened or not.
我们并无其他发现 能证实当中的某些说法 We have no other finding that could back some of the claims up.
但最大的问题是 有多少内容属实 But the big question is how much of that is true?
这就是挖掘如此刺激的原因 So that's why the excavation is so exciting.
两千年来的第一次 For the first time in 2,000 years,
我们有机会厘清 司马迁笔下的事情是否正确 we have a chance to figure out whether what Sima Qian wrote is correct.
傅 建 东门挖掘队队长
我们来量一下石头的长度和宽度 Let's measure the length and the width.
在墓址的东侧 On the east side of the site,
考古学家发现一道巨门的地基 archaeologists have uncovered foundations of a monumental gate
他们相信那曾是陵墓的正门入口 that they believe was once the main entrance to the mausoleum.
- 长度 - 100公分 - Length? - 100.
宽度是95公分 The width is 95.
- 95 - 对 - Ninety-five? - Yes.
柱洞呢 And the hole?
10.6公分 10.6.
这是目前在中国发现的最宽的门道 This is the widest gate ever found in China.
在秦始皇称帝后 墓址范围不断扩大 After he proclaimed himself emperor, the site was constantly extended.
秦陵的营建是国家工程 It was a national project.
集一国之力做一件事情 They were gathering the whole empire to focus on one thing.
工人村 皇帝驾崩前一年
始皇帝的陵墓 早在他13岁时就开始动工 Work on the first emperor's tomb began when he was just 13 years old.
慢点 Be careful.
慢点 Careful.
抬起 Lift it up.
到他征服全中国时 By the time he had conquered all of China,
他就掌握了所需的庞大资源 he commanded the vast resources required
以建造地球上最宏大的坟墓建筑群 to build the greatest tomb complex on Earth.
秀珍在储藏库里仔细检查 In the storage vaults, Janice is examining evidence
那些被迫建造坟墓者 遭残暴对待的证据 of the brutality meted out on those forced to build the tomb.
我们可以从残留的史料得知 From the material remains,
那时候在此工作 we can tell how hard that time was
建造这陵墓建筑群的人 日子过得有多艰难 for people who worked here to construct this mausoleum complex.
你能看到这件比较大 You can see this is relatively big.
不像是套在腿上 所以这其实是套在某人的脖子上 Not like on the legs. So that's really on someone's neck.
当始皇帝统一帝国时 When the first emperor unified the empire,
超过70万名囚犯 被送到骊山为他兴建陵墓 more than 700,000 convicts were sent to build his mausoleum at Mount Li.
始皇帝以武力动员人民 The first emperor mobilized people by force.
跟上 Keep up. Keep up.
他尽可能把更多人定罪 He convicted as many people as possible.
快点 跟上 - Move quickly! - Keep up. Keep up.
迫使他们加入 为他的工程 And made them part of the labor force
而苦干的劳动力 that would work for his projects.
秦法典很详细也很严厉 The Qin legal code is very detailed, and also very harsh.
一旦你与罪犯扯上关系 你也会被定罪 Whenever you are associated with a criminal, you'll also get convicted.
如果你倒霉得遭遇这种事 If you were unlucky enough to have that happen to you,
等待着你的将是极端残酷的事情 what awaits you is extremely brutal.
我们在陵墓建筑群里 发现很多这种铁镣铐 We find many of these kind of iron shackles within the mausoleum complex.
司马迁在《史记》中 提及大批囚犯来到此地 In Shiji, Sima Qian mentions a large quantity of convicts coming here,
还有其他地位的人或工匠 and also some other status people or craftspeople.
但这些尤其能让我们得知 当中牵涉的囚犯很多 But particularly for these, we can see that many convicts were involved,
受苦的人也很多 and many people suffered.
看什么看 走 What are you looking at? Move!
这个系紧了没有 Have you tied it well?
邻近城镇的作坊 Workshops in nearby towns
被组织成规模庞大的陶土生产线 were formed into a massive terracotta production line
涉及从帝国各地征召而来的工匠 involving craftsmen drawn from across the empire.
眉毛可以往上一点 The eyebrow can be slightly higher.
眼睛是关键 The eye is the key part.
这是有史以来第一次 有来自中华七国的工匠 This is the first time craftsmen from all seven Chinese states
共同为一项工程而努力 came together to work on one single project.
此事带来的结果 And the result of that
是前所未见之物的诞生 was the creation of something that no one had ever seen before.
法令纹注意一下 Pay attention to the area above the mouth.
一个文明在两千年多前以如此规模 For a civilization to produce something in such great detail
制造出如此细致的东西 on such scale over 2,200 years ago,
此事向我们展示 一种水准非凡的先进精密 it shows us a remarkable level of sophistication.
我已从事修复工作25年 I've worked in restoration for 25 years.
很少遇到这种比较完好的彩绘俑 And it's rare to see one warrior still completely colored.
这是我们最新出土的一件彩绘俑头部 This is the head of a warrior which we've recently excavated.
属于这个高级军令俑 It belongs to a senior army officer.
兵马俑在制作之初都带有颜色 When the warriors were first made, they were all colored.
但经过两千多年来在地底下的挤压 But because they've been buried for over 2,000 years,
以及土壤的运动 and because of the movement of the soil,
它们出土时 表面的颜色基本上都已经脱落 the colors on their surface usually fall off when they're excavated.
但这一件被压在最底下 未被扰动 But this piece was buried in the very bottom,
因此有幸保存下来 so it was better preserved.
从它们的眼神和面部表情中 When I look into their eyes and their facial expressions,
能依稀看到它们富有生命 it's like they're alive.
它们是秦代人的一种化身 也是秦代军队的一种缩影 They're an incarnation of the Qin people, as well as an epitome of the Qin army.
我认为这些逼真的面孔 I think these realistic faces
是以当时来自中国各地的 were based on real people
罗云坤 教授 秦史学家
真人为原型 from all over China at the time.
这意念很可能来自皇帝本人 And the idea probably came from the emperor himself.
因为这是非常生动有力的象征 Because it's a very, very powerful graphic representation
呈现他所取得的功绩 of that feat he had achieved.
是统一不同种族人民的美妙象征 A fantastic symbol of the unification of different ethnic people.
是这史上首个大一统帝国的美妙象征 Of this first unified empire.
如果我们没有始皇帝 If we did not have the first emperor,
中国各国有可能会继续分裂 it is possible that China would have continued to be divided
就像今天分裂的欧洲一样 among different states, much like the divided Europe today.
因此 当我们看着兵俑 [Lo] So if we look at the warriors,
我认为要在世界历史与全球历史的 背景下看它们 这真的很重要 I think it's really, really important in the context of world history,
因为你能看到中国 如何变得不一样 甚至变得独特 of global history, because you can see how China has become different, if not unique.
皇帝不惜成本 不择手段 The emperor spared no expense and stopped at nothing
为死后生活作准备 in preparing for his afterlife.
但他未能为 他在地球上的继承事宜作准备 But he had failed to prepare for his succession on Earth,
他拒绝宣布其王国继承者的人选 refusing to announce an heir to his kingdom.
一个人手中掌握过多权力的危险 The danger of having too much power in the hands of one man
即将使他建立的一切 使整个秦朝世界变得翻天覆地 was about to turn all he built, the whole Qin world, upside down.
《史记》告诉我们 The Shiji tells us
始皇帝在帝国东部出巡时病倒 the first emperor fell ill on tour through the eastern parts of the empire.
到了农历七月 始皇帝抵达沙丘 In the seventh month, the first emperor reached Shaqiu.
无人敢提及死亡的问题 None would dare to mention the matter of death.
《史记》记载的故事 The story recorded in the Shiji
说道与皇帝一起踏上 决定性的最后一次出巡之旅的人当中 says that traveling with the emperor on his fateful last tour
包括三个将于秦朝的未来 were three characters
扮演关键角色的人 who would play a key role in the future of the Qin dynasty.
李斯是皇帝的左右手 他当时担任丞相一职 Li Si was the emperor's right-hand man. He was the chief minister.
李 斯 秦朝丞相
帝国发生的一切 无一不经过他批准 Nothing in the empire happened that did not go through him.
快 Quick.
赵高来自不光彩的家庭 Zhao Gao, a man from a disgraced family,
他努力向上爬 成为皇帝最亲近的仆人 had worked his way up to become the emperor's closest servant.
赵 高 大宦官
你 You!
去找李斯 Go find Si Li!
你 You!
去找胡亥 Go find Hu Hai!
关键的是 赵高是传国玉玺的守护者 Crucially, Zhao Gao was the guardian of the imperial seal,
皇帝发出的所有命令 都必须用到此物 which the emperor required to issue all of his commands.
最后是皇帝的幼子 公子胡亥 And finally, there was the youngest of the emperor's sons, Prince Hu Hai.
由于胡亥年纪最小 Given that he was the youngest,
因此他的继位顺序大概并不高 Hu Hai was probably not very high up in the line of succession.
但他是唯一陪伴皇帝出巡的儿子 But he was the only son that accompanied the emperor on the tour.
公子胡亥 皇帝的幼子
老师 Teacher.
皇帝驾崩 The emperor is dead.
只留下赐给长子的这封遗诏 All he has left is this letter for his eldest son,
令其长子继位 designating him as heir.
如果这封遗诏落在扶苏手中 If this letter is delivered,
他就将继承二世皇帝之位 he will be enthroned as emperor.
而你最后连一片封地都继承不到 And you will be left with nothing.
你将作何打算 So, what should be done with it?
这还有什么可说的 That should be obvious!
父皇临终前下的令 我们还能做些什么 If our father has left orders, then what can we, as loyal subjects, presume to do?
叫丞相秘不发丧 Bid the chief minister to destroy this letter
以便你能登基即位 and support your own worthy claim.
我不想听这些 I will not hear this.
此时此刻 能决定下一任皇帝人选的 At the moment, the decision of who shall take control of the empire
只有你、我和丞相 lies with you, me, and the chief minister alone.
此时我怎能向丞相请教这种问题 How can I consult the chief minister on such a matter?
就让我替你跟丞相商量此事 Let me consult with him on your behalf.
在说服公子之后 After convincing the prince,
赵高成功说服丞相参与这项阴谋 Zhao Gao successfully persuaded the chief minister to join the conspiracy.
他们一起摧毁皇帝任命胡亥的长兄 Together, they destroyed the letter from the emperor
担任皇帝继承人的遗诏 which named Hu Hai's eldest brother as the emperor's successor,
将其换成虚假诏书 and replaced it with a fake letter
对正统继承人说他触怒了其父亲 that told the rightful heir he had displeased his father
唯一弥补的方法 是他立刻自杀 and his immediate suicide was the only way to make amends.
事已至此 The deed is done.
接下来只能听天由命 We can only resign ourselves to fate.
是时候了 Come now.
为了让他们的阴谋得逞 In order for their plot to work,
这些共谋者 在等待他们的诏书产生效果的同时 the conspirators had to keep the emperor's death a secret
必须将皇帝的死讯保密 while they waited for their letter to take effect.
停 Stop.
快 快点 Quick! Hurry up!
于是 地球上最有权势者的遗体 So the dead body of the most powerful man on the planet
被塞进他的旅行马车里 was bundled into his traveling carriage.
他的尸体在中国的酷热夏日里 被马车载着到处去 His corpse would be driven around in the sweltering Chinese summer heat
直到正统继承人被共谋者骗过之日 until the rightful heir was fooled by the plotters.
走 Go, go!
随着时间流逝 As time passed,
死去的皇帝变成累赘 the body of the dead emperor became a liability.
共谋者不顾一切采取极端措施 The plotters reached for desperate measures.
皇帝的马车在炎热的天气下开始发臭 The emperor's carriage began to stink in the hot weather.
为了掩盖气味 共谋者用一车车的鱼把马车包围起来 To disguise the smell, the conspirators surrounded it with carts of fish.
出乎意料地 那封诏书竟然奏效 Against the odds, the letter worked.
正统继承人自行了断 The rightful heir took his own life,
于是共谋者得以回到京城 and the plotters were free to return to the capital
宣布皇帝驾崩 to announce the emperor's death,
并带着另一封 立胡亥为继位人的伪造遗诏 taking with them another forged letter naming Hu Hai as heir.
胡亥被立为二世皇帝 Hu Hai was installed as the second emperor.
但共谋者害怕帝国不会轻易顺从 But the conspirators feared the empire would not easily submit.
我们从记录中得知 当皇帝的死讯 We know from records that when the emperor's death
终于公布时 was finally announced
他们会一起出现在同一个活动中 that they would all have been together at the same event.
到了农历九月 始皇帝落葬于骊山 In the ninth month, the first emperor was buried at Mount Li.
四海之内的所有人都前来吊唁 Everyone within the Four Seas offered tribute.
皇帝的葬礼 应该是自他成年以来一直兴建的 The emperor's funeral should have been the crowning moment
庞大坟墓建筑群的最重要时刻 for the vast tomb complex he'd spent his adult life building.
但那项阴谋改变了此事的意义 But the conspiracy cast the event in a different light.
处于最触目的中心位置的 是二世皇帝胡亥 Front and center was the second emperor, Hu Hai,
他坚持申明其统治权 asserting his right to rule...
在背后支持他的 是把他推上皇位的两名共谋者 backed up by the two conspirators who had put him there.
胡亥的兄长们 想必知道 Hu Hai's eldest brothers must have known
继位安排已有定案 that the succession had been fixed.
他突然越过他们登位 不只是关乎个人的冒犯行为 His sudden promotion over them was not just a personal slight.
现在他们是对君权的潜在威胁 Now they were potential threats to the throne.
不能被允许存活的威胁 Threats that could not be allowed to live.
关于葬礼后开展的恐怖事情的证据 Evidence of the horror that unfolded after the funeral
在这遗址出土 has been uncovered at the site.
在皇陵内城的东北角落有一片墓地 In the northeast corner of the inner city of the mausoleum,
大约有一百多座坟墓 there are around 100 small tombs.
在已经发掘的十座里面 We excavated ten of them.
有一座遭完全破坏 One of the tombs was wrecked.
但其余九座里面有人骨 But in the other nine, we found human bones.
那是一堆堆散乱的人骨 The bones were so mixed up
无法辨别哪一具是完整的独立个体 that we couldn't tell one body from another.
相当于被肢解一样 They seemed to have been dismembered.
我们还在淤土下发现珍珠 We also found pearls in the soil.
对我们来说 这是发掘的意外收获 It was a very unexpected find.
当中有些珍珠还有镀金的痕迹 Some pearls had traces of being gilded.
它是高档奢侈品 非一般人所能拥有 It was a high-level luxury accessory, beyond the reach of common people.
根据这项勘探发现 Based on this discovery,
我们认为这应该是 秦始皇后宫妃嫔之墓 we think they may be the first emperor's concubines.
最先感受到新君权的怒气者 The first to feel the wrath of the new regime
是皇室后宫那些不幸的年轻女性 were the unfortunate young women of the imperial harem.
她们成为目标的原因 不太能从史料中清楚辨明 The reason why they were targeted is not so clear from historical records.
但在阴谋的背景下 But in the context of the conspiracy,
我们可以找到一个可能的合理解释 we can find a possible logical explanation for it.
部分妃嫔 Some of the concubines
在始皇帝驾崩时 很可能也在出巡队伍之中… may well have been on tour with the first emperor when he died...
并可能曾目睹 ...and could have witnessed
围绕着皇帝之死的怪异事情 the strange events that surrounded the emperor's death.
也许胡亥认为这些妃嫔知道得太多 Perhaps Hu Hai thought that these concubines knew too much.
这里有很多肢骨 There are many limb bones here.
陈亮 教授 法医人类学家
这些女性比较纤细 These women are generally slender.
身高也不特别高 Also, they were not very tall.
他们好像都选择1.5米到1.6米高的人 They selected women with heights between 150 cm and 160 cm.
体重也控制在某个范围之内 Their weight was also controlled within a range.
《史记》记载她们都是被赐死 The Shiji says these women were ordered to die.
但没有具体说明死法 But there is no mention of how they died.
在始皇帝的葬礼上 During the burial of the first emperor,
二世皇帝下达命令 the second emperor gave an order.
在前朝的后宫女性中 Of the women in the harem of the former ruler,
没有儿子者被送到别处并不恰当 it would be unfitting that those who had no sons be sent elsewhere.
于是所有人都被下令陪伴死去的皇帝 All were accordingly ordered to accompany the dead emperor,
导致许多女性死亡 which resulted in the death of many women.
你看这个洞是否砸开的 Do you think this hole is from a chopping injury?
或者怎么样的 Or something else?
不像 这不齐整 It doesn't look like that. It's not neat.
她们可能是先被处死 然后再被肢解 They may have been killed and then dismembered after.
或者是以肢解的方式遭处死 Or they may actually have been hacked to death.
如果他们是用青铜或铁制兵器 If they used weapons made of bronze or iron,
砍出来的刀刃会很齐整 it would leave a clean cut.
这种裂缝肯定是死后才造成 This injury was definitely caused after death.
这就跟她的死因没有关系了 It had nothing to do with how she died.
如果说她们是在死后被肢解 If they were dismembered after death,
那一定会在关节处 比较容易肢解的位置 it would have been at the joints, where it's easier to cut through,
有专门的人做这工作 especially when someone does it for a living.
- 看那种散乱 肯定是被肢解 - 对 - It appears they were dismembered. - That's right.
但死后尸体肯定是完整的 But their bodies were in one piece when they died.
这些后宫妃嫔具体是如何死去 现在我们还说不上来 We still don't know how the concubines died,
但这些女子是非正常死亡 but these women did not die of natural causes.
不论死法如何 都很残忍 And however they were killed... it was very cruel.
妃嫔遭施加的残暴行为只是个开端 The brutality meted out to the concubines was just the beginning.
关于共谋者下一步行动的 令人不寒而栗的证据 Chilling evidence of the conspirators' next move
在遗址的偏远角落被袁仲一发现 was discovered in a remote far corner of the site by Yuan Zhongyi.
我们在钻探的过程中 During our exploration,
发现了很多陪葬坑 we've found a lot of burial pits.
墓里埋藏的人看起来是被杀的 The people in them seem to have been murdered
被肢解的 and mutilated
年纪都不大 at young ages.
上焦村那个墓葬 In Shangjiao village,
我们发现17座墓葬 we found 17 small tombs
后来挖掘了八座 and excavated eight of them.
依我看 最年轻的一个只有18岁 I think the youngest one was only 18 years old,
最大的是30岁 and the oldest one was 30.
是谁杀的 As for who killed them?
现在不知道 We don't know.
基于坟墓里的个人印章 The bodies were identified
尸体的身分得以获确认 by a personal seal found in the grave.
传统上 这些印章 会与地位崇高者的遗体一并下葬 By tradition, these were buried with the remains of high-status individuals.
它们看起来像是 We think they were the graves
秦始皇儿女的墓葬 of the sons and daughters of the first emperor.
公子将闾之宫殿
葬礼一结束 After the funeral,
共谋者就将注意力 转移到胡亥的每个潜在竞争对手身上 the conspirators turned their attention to each of Hu Hai's potential rivals.
公子将闾 Prince Jianglu,
赵高奉命捉拿你和你的兄弟 I am placing you and your brothers under arrest.
谁下的令 On what charge?
不忠于皇上 Disloyalty to the throne?
荒唐 This is an outrage!
我要见皇兄 I demand to see my brother.
皇帝很清楚地向我传达了旨意 His Majesty's orders to me were very clear.
“毋庸置疑” "No loose ends."
真正的恐怖才刚刚开始 The real terror had just begun.
法令制订得严苛 刑罚严酷 The law was made severe, and the punishments harsh.
尸体在集市上堆积如山 Corpses formed heaps in the marketplace.
我必须见殿下 I must see His Majesty.
公子高之宫殿
殿下 Your Highness.
有何消息 What news?
先帝任命的群臣都已被杀害 All your father's ministers have been purged.
他们太快了 They move fast.
还有更骇人的消息 The worst is to come.
昨日在咸阳的集市上 Yesterday, at the market in Xianyang,
12位公子被斩首示众 12 of your brothers were executed.
还有公主们… And your sisters...
被施以车裂之刑 they were torn to pieces.
请殿下抓紧时间 携同家眷逃离咸阳 You must flee, Your Highness. Take your family and leave.
殿下 Your Highness.
公子高和整个皇室的难题 The problem for Prince Gao and for the whole royal family
是他们无处可逃 was that there was nowhere to run.
我是清白的 I have committed no crime.
那些幸免于公开处决的人 Those who were spared the public execution
只获给予一条出路 were given only one way out.
我是清白的 I have committed no crime!
到了胡亥元年年底 By the end of the first year of Hu Hai's reign,
根据记录 他的大多数兄弟姊妹都已死亡 the records say that most of his brothers and sisters were dead.
遗址历来最重大的发现之一 Now, one of the site's most significant finds ever
也许是证明这并非传说 而是事实的关键 might be the key to proving that this is not just legend, but fact.
在遗址西边 靠近皇帝墓塚处 To the west of the site, close to the emperor's tomb mound,
正进行大规模挖掘工作 a huge excavation is underway.
有一系列巨大坟墓被发现 A series of vast tombs has been discovered.
以前从不曾有人尝试打开它们 Opening them has never been attempted before.
这通常是被禁止的 It would usually be forbidden.
但雨水破坏的威胁 导致一个特殊的决定 But the threat of rainwater damage has led to an exceptional decision.
就是挖掘其中一座坟墓 To excavate one of the tombs.
挖掘这座坟墓的机会前所未有 The opportunity to excavate this tomb is completely unprecedented.
所以这就是唯一的机会 So it's the only opportunity.
蒋文孝 挖掘队队长
我每次下去 还是感到震撼 Every time I go down, I still feel amazed.
修整得这么整齐的一个墓葬 The tomb was so precisely built.
这么深 规模又这么大 So deep, so large in scale!
古墓大部分都已被盗 Most ancient tombs have been robbed,
对于找到棺椁 我们其实不抱多大希望 so we didn't have much hope for the coffin chamber.
结果中心部分确实并未被盗 But it turned out it hadn't been robbed.
太震惊了 We were amazed!
棺椁严重腐朽 但墓主仍在其中 The coffin is badly decayed, but the tomb owner is still in there.
墓里出土了很多兵器 有铠甲、弩机和戈 And lots of weapons were unearthed, including armor, crossbows, and swords.
这座坟墓之所以如此令人兴奋 What makes this tomb so exciting
是因为这是一个真正的秦朝武士 is that this is a real warrior of the Qin dynasty.
我们已经找到几千个兵马俑 We already found thousands of terracotta warriors,
但我们之前没有机会 发掘真正的秦代武士 but we didn't have the opportunity to excavate a real Qin warrior.
而且这里相当接近始皇帝的墓塚 And this is quite close to the first emperor's tomb mound.
那么他是谁 So, who was he?
无论此人是何方神圣 Whoever this person was,
他显然是对皇帝而言 很重要亦很亲近的人 he was clearly very important and very close to the emperor.
如果我们能辨认他的身分 If we can figure out his identity,
这可能会成为我们 了解皇帝死后发生之事的关键 it could be key for us to understand what happened after the emperor's death.
秀珍被找来 Janice has been brought in
参与研究 与棺椁一起被发现的惊人器物 to examine the extraordinary artifacts found with the coffin
看看它们能否帮助揭露 更多关于墓主身分的资讯 to see if they can help reveal more about the tomb owner's identity.
这块是玉璧 外面有一个边框 This is a jade disc. There is a circle outside, and a frame.
细的一个 There is a thin pattern as well.
- 是外围吧 - 对 然后是中间这块 - Its outer ring. - Yes. In the middle part.
你看它的整体 是几何形纹 It's a geometric pattern as a whole.
玉璧是剑鞘上的装饰品 The jade piece was an ornament on a scabbard.
一号墓的陪葬品实在引人入胜 The burial materials in Tomb One is really fascinating.
有些物品是我们前所未见 You know, some of the objects, we never seen before,
例如金骆驼和舞者塑像 like a gold camel and dancing figure.
这当中就反映出 From this, we can judge
墓主的身分可能更高贵 that the tomb owner might have a royal status.
这个装饰性很强 It is rather finely decorated.
这些是相当奇特的物品 These are quite exotic objects
那是首次在 陵墓建筑群中发现这些物品 that is the first time found in the mausoleum complex.
问题是我们能否确定年代 The question is whether we can tell the date.
拿出来看一下里面这一枚 Take it out and have a look.
这个应该属于战国晚期 This is from the late Warring States period.
对 Yes.
不会是晚到汉代 They couldn't be cast as late as the Han Dynasty.
那一定是在这之前 It must have been cast earlier.
我们发现的这些钱币被称为“半两” All these coins we discovered we call Ban Liang.
这种钱币 观其大小和文字 These kind of coins, the size of the coins, and also the character,
肯定是来自秦朝晚期的秦国钱币 definitely Qin coins from the later Qin.
这些钱币清楚证明 The coins are clear evidence
墓主是秦代社会最富有的人之一 that the tomb owner was amongst the wealthiest of Qin society,
他们推算埋葬的年代为秦朝末期 and they date the burial to the end of the Qin dynasty.
共出土了多少件 How many pieces have been unearthed?
- 大概五、六千件 - 五、六千件吗 - It's about 5,000 to 6,000. - Five thousand to 6,000 pieces?
在这座坟墓里找到六千枚钱币 这很不寻常 It's unusual to find 6,000 coins in this tomb.
实在是一大笔财富 It's really a fortune.
看一下这弩机 Let's take a look at this crossbow.
这个比兵马俑坑出土的那些小 It's smaller than the ones from the Terracotta Warriors Pit.
并且带郭 And it has a casing.
带郭的弩机在当时很特别 Crossbows with trigger casings were very rare at that time.
这种弩机来自秦朝晚期 This type of the crossbow triggers,that's late Qin dynasty.
那就将这座墓葬 置于相当有限的时间段之中 And that gives quite narrow time window of this tomb.
大概是在皇帝死后 From probably after the emperor died
到秦朝灭亡之前 to before the fall of the Qin dynasty.
那就是三、四年间 So that's three, four years.
在这段时间里 有谁能与 So who could be buried with the Qin first emperor
秦始皇合葬 in this time period?
还有 为什么 And why?
缩窄时间段 Narrowing the date
把可能葬在墓里的人选名单缩短 reduces the list of candidates who could be in the tomb.
如果神秘武士被埋葬之时 If the mystery warrior was buried
是介乎皇帝驾崩与秦朝灭亡之间 between the death of the emperor and the fall of the Qin,
那么可能人选的名单就很短 then there is only a short list of candidates it could be.
秦始皇死后 After the first emperor died,
公子们都没有好下场 his sons all came to a bad end.
所以关于墓主的身分 So I'm still more inclined to believe that this tomb
我们更倾向认为是重臣或将军 belongs to a high-ranking nobleman or army chief.
如果考古学家在棺椁里找到个人印章 If archaeologists find a personal seal inside the coffin,
就能明确证实墓主的身分 they can prove beyond doubt the tomb owner's identity.
但棺椁的状况意味着这可能需时多年 But the condition of the coffin means that this could take years.
一开始 我们计划 直接在现场清理棺椁 Originally, we wanted to investigate the coffin in place.
小心那木头 Be careful of that wood.
但这里面的冬夏温差很大 But there's a big temperature difference between winter and summer.
由于这些黄金、玉石和宝石碎块 With pieces of gold, jade,
暴露在自然环境之中 and precious metals exposed to the elements,
因此他们必须迅速行动 they need to act fast.
如果我们在现场清理它 If we clean it on site,
温度与湿度的剧烈变化 the drastic change in temperature and humidity
可能会对清理出来的遗迹遗物 带来很大影响 might have a big impact on the excavated relics and remains.
所以我们想把它打包起来 带到室内慢慢仔细分析 So we want to pack it first and take it indoors for the investigation.
看看柱子上的东西 乌黑一块 Look at the objects on the pillar there.
需要用作保护的东西 We need something to protect them.
计划涉及把棺椁 The plan involves packaging up the coffin
连同包围它的大量泥土包装好 along with the tons of earth that surround it
再把这些东西整个搬进实验室 and lifting the whole thing into the lab in one piece.
极端的重量导致取出棺椁的风险极大 The extreme weight makes extracting the coffin deeply risky.
从来不曾有人尝试过做这种事 Nothing like this has ever been attempted before.
把钢板这样一块块穿进去 The steel plates can be put in one by one.
从那边穿或从这边穿都可以 We can operate from here or from the other side.
一边穿过去 Yes, both sides will work.
我们在墓道铺上轨道 We need to lay tracks up the passage.
并用50到100吨的吊车把它拉上来 Then use a crane with a 50 to 100-ton capacity to pull it up.
关键问题是这个地方不平整 坑坑洼洼的 难以装载 The problem is it's uneven and bumpy here, so it'll be difficult to load.
在考古学意义上 那是巨大挑战 This is a huge archaeological challenge.
当然这些我们都会解决 I'm sure we will solve all these problems.
在皇帝墓塚附近 Near to the tomb mound,
傅建的调查正逐渐逼近 Fu Jian's investigation is closing in
关于曾矗立于此的建筑物 所遭遇的事情的答案 on what happened to the buildings that once stood here.
我觉得这本是个阙 它是怎么被破坏的 We think there was a tower. I want to know how it was destroyed.
这是我关注的重点 That's what I care about most.
如果兵俑所受到的损害延伸到此处 If the damage done to the warriors extends here,
那就会意味着这不仅是盗墓行为 it would mean this was more than just a robbery.
那会指向截然不同的解释 It would point to a very different explanation.
这是刚才找到的瓦片 We just found some broken tiles.
其中一块带有文字 One of them has characters on it.
好像是“水”之类的 That seems to be "Shui."
是“左水” It's "Zuo Shui."
这个“左水”应该是秦朝的一个机构 I think Zuo Shui was a manufacturer in the Qin dynasty.
它可能是阙的一部分 It could be part of the tower.
在兵马俑一号坑和二号坑 In Pit One and Pit Two of the Warriors,
人为破坏相当明显 there is clear evidence of man-made damage.
但没有直接证据 证明那全是同一时间造成 But there is no direct evidence to prove it was all done at the same time.
兵马俑坑的火灾 The fires in the Warrior Pits
有可能是古代强盗造成 could have been caused by ancient robbers.
但如果烈火 同时焚烧离坟墓这么近的此处 But if fires burned here at the same time so close to the tomb,
那就是有计划刻意破坏的证据 it's evidence of a plan of deliberate destruction.
始皇帝死后 When the first emperor died, the convicts were still there working,
囚犯依然在那里工作 在坟墓上方建造巨大土堆 building the huge mound over the tomb.
但在始皇帝驾崩后差不多刚好一年 But almost exactly a year after the first emperor's death,
一场重大起义在帝国东部爆发 a major uprising broke out in the east part of the empire,
这将对陵墓的兴建带来重大影响 which was going to have a major effect on the construction of the mausoleum.
到有人鼓起勇气告诉皇帝出现问题时 By the time anyone dared to tell the emperor there was a problem,
情况已经失控 the situation had spiraled out of control.
平身吧 Rise.
据说由30万人组成的叛军 A rebel army, reportedly 300,000 strong,
正朝着京城进发 was heading towards the capital.
那就立即召集 附近县里的军队去击败他们 Then call up forces from the nearby districts and kill them.
皇上 盗贼已逼近 人多势众 Your Majesty, the bandits are already close by and great in number.
现在召集兵马已经来不及 There is no time to call up forces from the nearby districts.
你是说我们束手无策 Are you saying we are powerless to stop them?
哑了吗 Have you lost your tongues?
皇上 骊山有许多刑徒 Your Majesty, there are many convict laborers at Mount Li.
臣建议皇上立刻释放他们 授以兵器 Might I humbly suggest that they be pressed into Your Majesty's service
以迎击盗贼 and used for an attack.
那就这样做 Do so with all haste.
以后这种事 别再来烦朕 And do not disturb me in my pleasure until it's done.
奉二世皇帝之命 By order of His Imperial Majesty,
凡年满15周岁 须拿起武器前赴战场 all men over the age of 15 must take up arms and fight.
为什么要打仗 这场战争和我们有什么关系 Why should we fight? What business is this war of ours?
- 你说什么 - 慢着 - Silence! - Hold on!
凡是为皇帝而战的犯人都可获得大赦 Any convicted man that fights for His Majesty will be issued a pardon.
胡亥那未经训练的囚犯大军 Hu Hai's force of untrained convicts
远远不如他父亲藉以征服中国的 was a far cry from the feared, well-disciplined army
那支令人闻风丧胆且纪律严明的军队 with which his father had conquered China.
看看这边有没有铭文 Let's check if there's an inscription.
秀珍正在检查 Janice is examining real weapons
在坑中与兵马俑 一起被发现的武器真品 found in the pits alongside the terracotta warriors.
当我们看到 任何来自陵墓建筑群的物品 When we see any objects from the mausoleum complex,
它们背后都有了不起的故事 they have a big story behind it.
看得见吧 就是这个位置 You can see it right on this spot.
铭文刻划得相当清楚 The inscription is clear.
兵马俑配备大量铜制兵器 Terracotta warriors were equipped with bronze weapons.
步兵的长矛或戟 The lances or halberds for the infantry.
弓箭手的弩 The crossbows for the archers.
我们能从不同的武器 And we can tell from different weapons
以及它们混合搭配的方式得知 and how they mix together,
他们采用的灵活战术 the flexible battle tactic they use.
军阵前方满是弓箭手 You have all these archers, or crossbowmen,
或者弩手 in front of the military formation.
他们在敌人逼近之前向其发射箭矢 And they released arrows to the enemy before they come very close.
然后弩手移到后方 And then the crossbowmen moved to the back.
步兵将与敌人短兵相接 The infantry will have close combat with the enemy.
那是秦朝的特殊战术 So that's a special tactic in the Qin dynasty.
- 下令 - 弓箭 预备 - Prepare the attack. - Prepare the attack!
- 灭火 保持阵型 - 灭火 - Put out the fires! Get in line! - Put out the fires!
快 Move it!
先派骑兵冲散这些囚徒 Send the horses to scatter them.
等他们逃跑时 我们就追杀 We'll cut them down as they flee.
进攻 Attack!
拿着挖掘工具当武器的囚犯大军 A convict army armed with digging tools...
会如同待宰羔羊 ...would have been lambs to the slaughter.
保持阵型 Hold!
但为秦而战 But fighting for Qin gave them access
让他们能接触到 一些古代世界最精良的武器 to some of the finest weapons in the ancient world.
还有只知道胜利为何物的将领 And commanders who knew only victory.
保持阵型 Hold your positions!
走 Now! Attack!
秦国的兵器与战术决定了成败 Qin weapons and tactics made the difference.
囚犯军队出乎意料地占了上风 Against the odds, the convict army prevailed.
叛军被阻挡下来 The rebels were stopped in their tracks.
他们的领袖遭到追捕 - And their leaders hunted down.
但叛乱的浪潮已然开始 But a tide of rebellion had begun.
而坟墓的建设工程亦被终止 And work on the tomb was abandoned.
在囚犯离开之后 After the convicts left,
这份历史记录就再无提及 there's no further mention of the emperor's tomb complex
皇帝的坟墓建筑群 in this historical record.
无人知道坟墓之后发生了何事 No one knows what happened to it after that.
为保护皇帝之墓而建的巨大土堆 The giant mound built to protect the emperor's tomb
似乎成功达成任务 appears to have done its job.
没有证据表明曾有人闯入 There is no evidence anyone has ever broken inside.
但对于皇帝陵墓的其余部分 But for the rest of the emperor's mausoleum,
那就是另一回事 it was a different story.
修复组正在审视 Telltale signs of deliberate destruction
蓄意破坏的明显迹象 are being examined in the restoration unit.
另一秦朝代杰作 Another Qin masterpiece,
非同凡响的杂技演员雕像 正被拼凑起来 the larger-than-life statue of an acrobat, is being pieced back together.
暴力的迹象显然易见 The signs of violence are clear.
马 宇 资深修复师
你看 这个很有意思 This is very interesting.
有烧的痕迹和砸的痕迹 It has marks showing it has been cut and smashed.
在这个坑的发掘过程中 我们发现它的破坏很严重 When we excavated this pit, the whole site was found to be severely damaged.
针对埋藏雕像的百戏俑坑的勘测 A survey of the Acrobat's Pit where the statue was buried
揭露了一块红土 revealed a patch of red earth.
摧毁它们的大火 The fire that destroyed them
猛烈得使坑底的一个铜鼎 was so intense that it melted a bronze cauldron at the bottom of the pit
熔化成平板 into a flat plate.
在考古工作中 很多葬坑的发现 During our work, many pits were discovered
就是因为红烧土这条重要线索 due to the important clue of red, burnt soil,
包括青铜水禽坑 including the Pit of Bronze Birds
还有百戏俑坑 and the Acrobat Pit.
要是我们把所有这些焚烧现象 If we put these burnings together,
并合起来看待 and consider it as a whole...
就会知道这不是几个人 甚至几十个人能造成的 ...it can't have been done by a few dozen people.
这应该是几百、几千 甚至上万人造成的大规模破坏 It would have taken hundreds, or even thousands of people, to do this damage.
但那是谁干的 But who did it?
在武士的陵墓 At the Warrior's Tomb,
蒋文孝取出棺椁的计划 Jiang Wenxiao's plans for the extraction of the coffin
已经获得批准 have received the go-ahead.
陈教授 看那边 Just over here.
但考虑到这一举动的风险很大 But given how risky the move will be,
团队想先从外露的骨头中采集样本 the team want to take samples from some of the exposed bones first.
- 穿着这衣服走路不容易 It's not easy to walk in this suit.
- 小心 Be careful.
样本也可能有助确定武士的年龄 The samples may also help establish the warrior's age.
就在这个位置 采一块这个吧 It's right here, look. Let's take this as a sample.
是头骨的残片 It's part of the skull.
头骨并不完整 The skull was not complete.
保留下来的很少 Only a small part was preserved.
此外 我们发现肢骨也保存得不好 We also found limb bones in poor condition.
你看这是他的股骨头 This is the top of the femur.
这是他的股骨 Here is the hip bone.
下边是胫骨 Over there is shin bone.
说明头在这里 身体在这里 So the head is here. The body is this side.
- 头在南边 - 对 - The head is in the south. - That's right.
脚朝着北方 And the feet are pointing north.
比如说这个股骨头 Look at the top of the femur.
骨壁比较厚一些 The bone was quite thick.
所以他比较可能是男性 So it's more likely to be a male.
我们采集这一段吧 Let's take a sample of this.
我们采集了他的一段股骨 We took a section of the femur.
我们希望弄清楚 墓主是秦始皇的亲人或儿女 We want to find out if the tomb owner was a family member of the first emperor
还是跟他没有血缘关系的重臣 or a high-ranking statesman who had no blood relationship.
如果神秘武士曾是政府高官 If the mystery warrior was a high-ranking government official,
那我们就得审视 他是共谋者之一的可能性 then we have to look at the possibility of him being one of the conspirators.
经过两年的腥风血雨 胡亥的帝国正在崩溃 After two years of bloodshed, Hu Hai's empire was crumbling.
与此同时 共谋者彼此反目 And as it did, the conspirators turned on each other.
丞相是第一个死去的人 The chief minister was the first to die.
他遭赵高蒙骗出卖 然后被皇帝判处死刑 Sentenced to death by the emperor after being double-crossed by Zhao Gao.
他们为李斯准备五刑 The five punishments were prepared for Li Si.
他遭施以腰斩之刑 And he was condemned to be cut in two at the waist.
一等除掉丞相 And once the chief minister was out of the way,
赵高就盯上皇帝本人 Zhao Gao set his sights on the emperor himself.
陛下 我今天来这里 Your Majesty, I'm here to inform you
是要通知你 你的终点到了 that your time as emperor is at an end.
要我放弃皇位也可以 If I am no longer to be emperor,
你去向丞相转达 tell Zhao Gao
我只求当一个郡的王 不会再干涉丞相的事 all I ask is to be king of one county, and I won't stand in his way.
丞相马上就会立新皇帝 Zhao Gao will shortly install a new emperor.
我们不需要你了 We have no use for kings.
那封侯呢 A marquis, then!
这白日梦该醒了 The hour for daydreams is long past.
那我什么都不要 我只想跟妻儿当黔首 I ask for nothing then, but to live quietly as a commoner.
我有命令在身 I have my orders.
陛下比谁都清楚 凡事就怕万一 And Your Majesty knows very well there can be no loose ends.
如果记录无误 If the record is correct, we can be sure
我们可以肯定 胡亥皇帝并非占用神秘坟墓的人 that Emperor Hu Hai is not the occupant of the mystery tomb.
他被随意埋葬在平民的坟墓里 He was buried without ceremony in a commoner's grave.
然而 赵高的一切阴谋 正要为他带来报应 All Zhao Gao's plotting, though, was about to come back to bite him.
他选择容易控制的人取代胡亥 He chose Hu Hai's replacement to be easy to control.
但新皇帝有自己的想法 But the new emperor had his own ideas.
我扶你登上王位 你竟敢让我干等 I put you on the throne. How dare you keep me waiting?
是谁教唆你违背我的指令 Who are you to disobey my orders?
谁 Who?
赵高 Zhao Gao!
所以他做的第一件事… So the first thing he did...
你是何人 Who are you?
…就是杀害赵高 ...was murder Zhao Gao.
并无任何记录显示他的葬身之地 There is no record of where he was buried.
根据初步研判 Our preliminary evaluation
我们判断这应该是男性 suggests that it should be a male.
所以我们想做DNA检测 以确定他的身分 But we would like to do a DNA test to find out more about him.
我们把它切割成小块 We have to take very small parts of the bones...
送去做检测 and send them away to be tested.
还有一颗牙齿 We also found a tooth.
我们采集到墓主的一颗前臼齿 It was the owner's premolar.
看这牙齿的发育程度 并没有珐琅质的缺损 You can see the development of the tooth, and it has no enamel defects.
这说明此人从早年到死亡 一直营养充足 It indicates that, during their life, they had sufficient nutrition.
这里没有牙本质暴露 There is no dentin exposure,
所以应该是比较年轻的人 so it should be a young person.
嗯 Hm.
此人应该是18到22岁 The age of this person must be between 18 and 22.
墓主是个很年轻的青年男性 So he was a young man.
武士英年早逝的证据 The evidence that the warrior died young
排除他是共谋者的可能性 rules out the conspirators.
他们年纪太大了 They were too old.
年龄的揭露 增加了他是一位公子的可能性 Revealing the age makes it more likely that he may have been a prince.
而在《史记》里 关于某一位公子的细节 And the detail in the Shiji concerning one prince in particular
让我们对在武士的陵墓里发现的一切 有了新的认识 casts new light on everything found at the warrior's tomb.
在阴谋进行的初期 In the early days of the conspiracy
当胡亥杀害他的兄弟姊妹时 when Hu Hai was murdering his brothers and sisters,
他们之中的其中一人 也就是公子高 作出一项大胆的决定 one of them, Prince Gao, made a bold decision.
请殿下抓紧时间 You must flee, Your Highness.
携同家眷逃离咸阳 Take your family and leave.
公子高希望远走高飞 Prince Gao wished to flee.
却害怕他的家人会遭逮捕和屠杀 But fearing his family would be arrested and exterminated,
于是他向二世皇帝送递一封信函 instead, he delivered a letter for the second emperor.
原本我应该跟随先帝去赴死 I should have followed the former emperor in death.
但是我还活着 But I failed to do so.
为人子 我不孝 As a son, I have been disloyal.
为人臣 我不忠 As a subject, I have been disloyal.
一个不忠不孝之人 已无颜面在这个世上苟活 And one who acts disloyally wins no fame in this world.
我请求追随先帝而去 I ask leave to follow the former emperor in death.
我唯一的要求 就是把我的遗体 葬在骊山脚下的陵墓里 My only request is to be buried in the mausoleum at the foot of Mount Li.
希望皇上怜悯 答应我这个请求 I can but hope that the emperor will take pity and grant my request.
我会把你的请求禀告给皇上 I will pass on your request to the emperor
请求皇上尽快处理此事 and bid him give this matter his full attention at his earliest convenience.
公子高提出自行了断 Prince Gao offered to kill himself
以拯救家人免于遭受 和他的兄弟姊妹一样的命运 to save his family from suffering the same fate as his brothers and sisters.
我认为公子高所做的事 是英勇而高尚的行为 I think what Prince Gao did was a heroic and brave act.
而这大概就是 此故事引起司马迁特别关注 And that is probably why the story attracted special attention from Sima Qian
并被载入《史记》的原因 and made its way into the Shiji.
司马迁亦告诉我们 Sima Qian also tells us
胡亥读到公子高的信函时很高兴 that Hu Hai was delighted reading the letter from Prince Gao.
他不仅答允公子高的请求 And not only did he agree to Prince Gao's request,
更赏赐他十万铜钱 以作安葬他之用 but he also awarded him with 100,000 bronze coins for his burial.
如果《史记》所言属实 If Shiji is correct,
那么我们就能假定 then we can assume
公子高葬于陵墓所在地附近的某处 that Prince Gao is buried somewhere around the mausoleum site.
但到目前为止 他的坟墓尚未被寻获 But so far, his tomb has not been identified.
如果我们能证明 那个神秘武士就是公子高 If we could prove that the mystery warrior was Prince Gao,
那就会是个惊人的发现 that would be a mind-blowing discovery.
既然墓主的年纪较轻 Given the tomb owner was young,
它当然就有可能是公子高的墓葬 it's certainly possible that it might be Prince Gao.
但我们也不能就此确认 But we can't say that for sure based on this.
所以我们要把它安全地运进实验室 把这项工作做完 So we need to get it safely to the lab to complete our work.
安全 走 It's safe. Go. Go, it's safe. Go.
一个小时内一定要把这个搞定 We must get it done within an hour.
拉 Pull.
好 停 Stop pulling. Stop!
轮子卡住了 The wheels are stuck now.
钢轨有点弯 但不会影响我们 The steel track is bent, but it's going to be okay.
走 Go on. Go on. Go on.
外面下雨了吗 Is it raining outside?
下雨了 It's raining!
拿塑胶纸覆盖一下 Get the plastic to cover it!
好 停 Stop pulling. Stop!
现在的心情嘛 肯定是很高兴 How do I feel? I feel very happy indeed.
这么大的工程圆满完成了 We have completed such a big project.
我们希望能在墓主旁边 发现印章之类的 We hope that we can find a seal or similar artifacts
能够印证墓主身分的资讯和文物 that can prove the identity of the tomb owner conclusively.
我们抱有很大信心 We have a lot of faith in it.
大功告成 It's done.
关于所有这些已流传两千多年的故事 All these stories that are circulating for over 2,000 years,
如今我们有了这些发现 now that we have such findings...
就能证明这些人物全都是真实的人 ...it will prove that all these figures were true.
例如赵高、胡亥 Like Zhao Gao, like Hu Hai,
都真有其人 而非只是传说或虚构故事中的角色 were real people, not characters in a legend, or just a story.
所有这些人物都曾存在于历史之中 All of these figures will have existed in history.
现在距离发现 Now, 50 years on
第一座兵马俑 已经过了50年 from the discovery of the first terracotta warrior,
显示系统性破坏的确凿证据 conclusive evidence of systematic destruction
已在遗址各处被寻获 has been found all over the site.
那是红土渣 See the red soil?
它应该是在建好之后遭毁坏 过程中可能有火烧的痕迹 I think this building was destroyed by a fire soon after it was built.
整个秦陵都有焚烧的痕迹 Across the whole Qin mausoleum, there are traces of burning.
这种火烧痕迹是何时造成的 现在还不能确定 We are not sure when the traces were left.
但可以肯定的是 最早的兵马俑陪葬坑的破坏 But what we can confirm is that the damage in the warrior pits happened early,
发生在木头尚未腐朽之时 before the wood there had decayed.
这是木炭 That's wood charcoal.
外城东门挖掘时 情况其实也一样 When we excavated the east gate, the situation was the same.
这是被火烧的 It's been burned.
是 Yes, exactly.
至于这些建筑上 也有一些火烧的痕迹 And on these buildings, we found the same traces of burning too.
这些破坏可能发生在 So all this destruction seems to have happened
大概秦朝末年的同一时期 at around the same time in the late Qin dynasty.
在秦灭亡之际 When the fall of Qin came,
它猛然落入 it came violently
一名叛军将领手中 at the hands of a rebel general
他率领军队进入京城 将胡亥的继承人斩首 who led his army to the capital and beheaded Hu Hai's successor.
叛军在京城里大肆杀戮 The rebel armies butchered the capital,
大火焚烧了三个月 and the fires burned for three months.
并无书面证据 There is no written proof that the rebel army
表明叛军曾破坏始皇帝的陵墓 destroyed the first emperor's mausoleum.
但既然它离京城很近 就应该会是主要目标 But being close to the capital, it would have been a prime target.
我个人认为 兵马俑坑里面 被盗窃、破坏和焚毁的现象 In my opinion, the theft, destruction, and burning down of the mausoleum
责任应该归于叛军身上 should be attributed to this rebel army.
他们有人力和力量 也有机会和时间 They had the numbers and the power, and they had opportunity and time.
军中有些人也许是 It's likely some of the soldiers
原本就曾在秦始皇陵服劳役 had been convicts forced to work on the construction.
他们可能记得 大概在什么地方埋藏过什么 So they would have remembered where things were buried.
哎 下边有东西 Hey, they're down here!
所以这是他们的报复行动 It was revenge.
当天下平定 When all under heaven had been settled,
秦室就灭亡 这是因为其统治不带人性或公义 the house of Qin fell because they ruled without humanity or righteousness.
我认为秦氏 动员 I think the Qins' cruel way of mobilizing
和惩罚人民的残酷方式 and punishing the population
导致陵墓被毁 led to the destruction of the mausoleum.
但那种高水平艺术创意 并非源自这份残酷 But the high level of artistic creativity did not grow from this cruelty.
而是源自 今天我们称为“中国”之地的各处 It grew out of the fusion of different cultural elements
不同文化元素的融合 from various parts of what we call China today.
始皇帝的大一统中国愿景存活了下来 The first emperor's vision of a unified China survived.
纵然秦朝灭亡 它却依然留存 It survived the fall of the Qin dynasty.
至今仍然鲜活茁壮 And it is still very much alive today.
我想 说到底 兵俑被摧毁 I think, in the end, the warriors were destroyed
是因为它们在恶劣条件下被创造出来 due to the harsh conditions that they were created in.
但它们也向我们展示 人类在2200年前能够做到的事 But they also show us what human beings were capable of doing 2,200 years ago.
对我而言 即使已历经漫长岁月 To me, even after all this time,
这些兵俑依然提醒着我们 人类精神何其辉煌 the warriors are a reminder of the magnificence of the human spirit.
它们依然能够让我们惊叹不已 And they still have the power to take our breath away.
这是它的踏板 This is his footboard.
考古工作对我来说就是生活的主轴 My whole life has been dedicated to archaeology.
到现在已经48、49年了 It's been 48 or 49 years now.
让兵马俑得见天日的责任 Making the warriors known to the world
落在我们现代人身上 was a task that fell on our shoulders.
对我们来说 感觉是荣幸的事情 It was an honor for us.
我与秦俑情深意切如手足 The warriors are my dearest friends.
它们受到世上人民如此喜爱 When they are loved by people all over the world,
我当然非常高兴 it makes me very happy.
考古工作很艰苦 It was difficult at times,
但在苦中作乐 是最大的快乐 but in the greatest hardship, we find the greatest joy.
正如以汗水浇灌的鲜花最为美丽 Just as flowers watered by perspiration are the most beautiful...
看到以自己的辛勤劳动浇灌的兵马俑 the terracotta warriors
心里最是高兴 gave us the greatest happiness.
迄今为止 在8000座兵马俑中 只有1200座已完成重新拼合
寻求证明神秘武士身分的任务 仍在继续进行
导 演 詹姆斯·托维尔
制片人 尼古拉斯·加德纳
监 制 理查德·布拉德利